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法律英語(yǔ)翻譯中的省略與重復(fù)
Date:2009-3-24
1、省略
翻譯中的省略，是指原文里有些詞或其他成分無(wú)須譯出來(lái)，這或是因?yàn)楸皇÷缘脑~語(yǔ)其意義在譯文中已有體現(xiàn)，又或是因?yàn)橛沧g出來(lái)反而使譯文顯得累贅、生澀，違背漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。英語(yǔ)句子里的各種詞類和成分，翻譯時(shí)可以省略的，除了前面與人稱代詞和物主代詞有關(guān)的代詞省略外，還有其他從語(yǔ)法和修辭角度上看應(yīng)該省略的詞和詞組，如：
(1) Consultant will deliver to Client all Confidential Information and all copies thereof when Client requests the same or immediately upon termination of This Agreement, whichever occurs earlier, except for one copy thereof that Consultant may retain for its records.
客戶要求時(shí)，或本協(xié)議終止時(shí)（以兩種情況中先發(fā)生的為準(zhǔn)），顧問(wèn)將向客戶提交所有機(jī)密信息及所有副本，但顧問(wèn)可以存檔的一份副本除外。
在法律英語(yǔ)中，為使表達(dá)更加精確，thereof和hereof一類的詞用得很多，但從具體漢語(yǔ)句子的上下文看，有不少是可以而且應(yīng)該省略的，上面這個(gè)句子里的兩處thereof就是常見的例子。
(2) The Purchaser further undertakes and agrees to procure and ensure that the independent auditors of the Purchaser and any agent, employee or independent contractor of the Purchaser abide by this Clause
買方進(jìn)一步承諾和同意確保買方的獨(dú)立審計(jì)師和任何代理人、雇員或獨(dú)立承包人遵守本條規(guī)定。
Procure（保證）和ensure（確保）基本上是同一個(gè)意思，種類舍棄了“保證”，只譯出意思更強(qiáng)的“確保”。原文中最后一個(gè)Purchaser按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式可以省略，故而僅譯出一個(gè)“買方”。
(3) The formation of this Contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of disputes in connection herewith shall be governed by the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”), but in the event that there is no published and publicly available law in the PRC governing a particular matter relating to this Contract, reference shall be made to general international commercial practices.
本合同的訂立、效力、解釋、執(zhí)行及合同爭(zhēng)議的解決，均受中華人民共和國(guó)（“中國(guó)”）法律管轄。中國(guó)頒布的法律對(duì)本合同相關(guān)的某一事項(xiàng)未作規(guī)定的，參照國(guó)際商業(yè)慣例。
法律一經(jīng)頒布，當(dāng)然就是公布于眾，不需要再在譯文中添加“可為公眾獲得的”（publicly available）的贅語(yǔ)。
2、重復(fù)
重復(fù)是相對(duì)于原文中的省略而言的，實(shí)際上也可以看做是一種增詞，只不過(guò)是增加同一詞而已。翻譯中之所以需要重復(fù)，是由于英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)言的句法和修辭各有不同而引起的。換言之，英語(yǔ)句子里有些省略的詞或詞組，按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式卻必須予以再現(xiàn)的，就應(yīng)當(dāng)在譯文中加以重復(fù)。目的只有一個(gè)，那就是使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
(1) After Completion, the Vendor shall not in any way hold itself out or permit itself to be held out as being interested in, or in any way connected with, the Company.
交易完成后，賣方不得自稱，也不得允許他人宣稱賣方在公司中擁有權(quán)益或與公司有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。
(2) If the Vendor shall fail or refuse to transfer any Shares pursuant to the provisions of this Clause X to the Purchaser, the Company Secretary or any other person appointed by the Board shall be deemed to have been irrevocably authorized by the Vendor, with full power to execute, complete and deliver, in the name and on behalf of the Vendor, transfers of the Shares to the Purchaser, against payment of the purchase price therefor to the Company.
如果賣方未根據(jù)本條規(guī)定向或拒絕向買方轉(zhuǎn)讓任何股份，公司秘書或董事會(huì)委派的任何其他人應(yīng)被視為經(jīng)賣方不可撤銷的授權(quán)，有全權(quán)在買方向公司支付購(gòu)買價(jià)款后，以賣方的名義并代表賣方簽署、完成并向購(gòu)買人交付股份轉(zhuǎn)讓證。
(3) Party A has full legal right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Contract and all of the agreements and documents referred to in this Contract to which Party A is a party and to observe and perform its obligations hereunder and thereunder.
甲方在法律上有充分的權(quán)利、權(quán)力和權(quán)限簽署和交付本合同及本合同中的該方為一方的所有協(xié)議和文件，遵守并履行本合同及該等協(xié)議和文件規(guī)定的義務(wù)。
Hereunder和thereunder中的here和there，必須還原成“本合同”和“該等協(xié)議和文件”，即把這幾個(gè)詞重復(fù)譯出。
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